High-Performance NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Orient to Functional Customization
摘要
NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) possess shape memory, superelasticity, and elastocaloric effects, making them suitable for functional structural components in applications such as actuators, dampers, orthodontic devices, and refrigeration media. Despite being invented over half a century ago, their practical applications still rely mainly on simple geometrical structures. This is because traditional manufacturing processes face challenges such as high reactivity, poor machinability, and strong resistance to deformation, which hinder the creation of NiTi materials with large surface areas, complex geometries such as porous structures, and customized phase transformation. With the development of laser 3D printing technology, it has become easier to process NiTi alloys into components with complex geometrical structures and customized phase transformation temperatures. However, unlike traditional processes, laser 3D printing involves directly fabricating components from powder materials, which not only includes shaping but also metallurgical processes, meaning that functionality adjustments also lead to changes in microstructure. As a result, the practical application of laser-printed NiTi alloys has not been widely reported. This review summarizes our recent work on NiTi SMAs using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology, aiming to demonstrate how laser processes can be utilized to customize the functionalities of NiTi alloys. The content also includes the problems we encountered during the adjustment process and our understanding of the solutions. This work contributes to advancing the practical application of laser-printed NiTi alloys.