The chapter discusses energy sustainability focusing on climate change challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. This study comes from the background that the rate of energy demand has increased in Africa more than the supply due to population growth. The study debates that urbanisation, finance, technology, population growth, politics and law, and climate change are the major drivers causing energy shortage in sub-Saharan Africa. The case study approach, document analysis, and thematic and content analysis were used in the study. Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest energy poverty rates. On the other hand, Sub-Saharan Africa has enormous renewable energy potential with some of the largest concentrations of alternative energy in the form of solar, wind, hydro and biomass energy. The exploitation of renewable energies can lead to sociocultural, economic and environmental benefits, reducing the energy divide to achieve sustainable development of Sub-Saharan Africa's societies.