In this chapter, Jean-Pierre Boutinet takes a critical look at the Franco-German economist Christian Arnsperger's notion of existential citizenship, which underlies several of the chapters in this book (as can be seen in the contributions by Dominique Kern, Renaud Hétier, Nathanaël Wallenhorst and Gilles Pinte). Arnsperger calls for a new type of citizen that he describes as the “entrepreneurial citizen”, whose main characteristic is to be marked by existential citizenship. This “citizen entrepreneur” is a “restructurer of life principles”. It is a matter of “deliberately hatching a new form of citizenship within new economic rules”. Arnsperger’s approach emphasizes the importance of existential learning in civic life; it is the foundation on which a viable future for generations to come can be built.