Smart Flood Resilience of the Urban Transport System: The Case of Florence
摘要
The H2020 RESOLUTE research project, led by University of Florence with co-participation of ATTIKO METRO, belongs to programmes aiming an enhancement of resilient urban transport systems (UTS). The paper validates operationally the European resilience management guidelines (ERMG) developed with regard to the flood resilience of UTS in Florence, Italy. Florence, a world heritage site, suffered at 1966 a 200-year Arno river flood disaster devastating i.a. invaluable Renaissance artworks. ERMG follow the FRAM concept, the most refined resilience framework so far. Thus, the data-driven approach of the project is theoretically informed. A collaborative evacuation app developed and validated during an assumed 30-year flood pilot case, involves citizens to be rescued as well as first responders. A dashboard managed by civil protection and public administrators coordinates remotely the emergency response. The dashboard collects actual crowdsourced and sensor information (e.g. gauge pressure of inundated network links indicating flood depth) as well as weather information. Rainstorm forecasting and rainfall nowcasting (1–2 h’s periods) make valuable time available for a timely evacuation action. The dashboard platform aggregates and integrates heterogeneous data sources, i.a. topographic features as depressed links and their distance from the river. Beyond the absorb /response phase, the dashboard provides during the flood recovery phase, information about passable paths and parts of the transport network, advising riders and drivers via bulk SMS/VMS alerts and other public address systems. Traffic diversion and control as well as alternative routes dampen the flood-related UTS performance variability.