When artisanal and small-scale miners overlap with large-scale mines or vice versa, it is bound to sprout forth a myriad of complex issues. It is never easy for both parties to have constructive conversations with each other. From the artisanal miners’ viewpoint, their inferior socioeconomic position makes them skeptical. From the mining companies’ standpoint, cynicism about engaging with artisanal miners is understandable, especially in volatile situations. Nonetheless, mining companies have been engaging with the artisanal mining sector in many countries worldwide despite these layers of complexity—some with more success than others. While some mining firms have begun to view artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) as a social issue and have engaged with and supported its development, there remains a notable gap in what mining companies can do to promote the ASM sector. This oversight is particularly evident in South Africa, where community development initiatives directed at addressing ASM are limited if they exist at all. The chapter explores the potential challenges and risks associated when large-scale mining (LSM) companies engage with artisanal miners. The chapter concludes by putting forward artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) intervention areas, followed by discussing two case studies in South Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) around supporting artisanal mining.