This research aims to conduct an experimental design using the Taguchi Robust Design, in which the specimens resulting from CNC lathe machining are subjected to roughness testing. An experiment was carried out using the Taguchi technique and an orthogonal matrix L27, where the parameters were analyzed: cutting speed, feed speed, depth of cut at three different levels, and their influence on surface roughness. The objective was to assess the roughness surface using TiAlN-coated inserts by considering the interactions among the cutting parameters for machining steel A36. The results will be analyzed by calculating the averages of the respective interactions in the Taguchi design using Minitab 21 statistical software. The feed rate factor was the most significant among the results obtained, with a p-value of less than 0.05, indicating its importance in processing. Additionally, it was concluded that the TiALN-coated insert exhibits good workability and durability when obtaining samples of this type. Moreover, the analysis focused on determining the best machining parameters.