Doctoral supervision is a specialized form of mentoring that has increasingly become a subject of research as universities aim to improve the quality of doctoral programs. In this chapter, the author synthesizes findings from an array of research studies that address doctoral mentoring in general, as well as specifically in the field of music. The chapter demonstrates what the corpus of research shows regarding the most common challenges faced by doctoral mentors and mentees, as well as issues in maintaining healthy mentoring relationships, and offers recommendations for doctoral programs, doctoral mentors, and doctoral students. The discussion makes reference to the author’s experience under the mentorship of Patricia Shehan Campbell. The chapter ends with a Brief Response by Deborah Wong.