Since 2016, Serbia has been developing Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs), with the first one being adopted in Kruševac in 2017. However, SUMPs are not currently included in mandatory planning documentation; rather, they are typically initiated or supported by European development institutions in collaboration with local self-governments (LSGs). This paper discusses the current practice of SUMP production in Serbia. One notable issue is the lack of comprehensive traffic data and the insufficient capacity of traffic engineers and other professionals involved in mobility planning, as well as a shortage of institutional support and engagement from decision-makers. Urban planning experts within LSGs primarily focus on legally required urban plans, often neglecting transport planning aspects. The paper also explores opportunities for enhancing the SUMP methodology to better suit local circumstances. Furthermore, there’s a clear need for a shift in attitudes towards sustainable mobility among both professionals and the general public. Drawing on the experiences of neighboring EU countries can provide valuable insights for navigating future challenges in SUMP development. Improving legal regulations to clarify the status of SUMPs, whether as binding documents or not, and outlining the sustainable mobility planning process more clearly are critical steps forward.