This chapter shows the geographical details of the Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) in West Bengal, India. Spanning 760.87 km2, BTR encompasses a variety of ecosystems, including sal forests, evergreen forests, and hill forests. BTR experiences a tropical moist humid climate with significant rainfall during the monsoon season. Rivers like Sankosh, Rydak, Jayanti, and Kaljani intersect the reserve, contributing to its complex ecosystems. This reserve is rich in flora and fauna, such as leopards, elephants, and various bird species. Its varied topography and climate, shaped by its location in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, support high biodiversity. The reserve comprises 37 forest villages and 46 fringe villages, where residents are ethnically diverse and engage in agriculture, collecting forest products, and working in tea estates.