In Pakistan, an alarming 18% of girls are married before reaching the age of 18, with the adverse effects being more pronounced in rural areas, households with lower incomes, and those with limited educational opportunities. This detrimental practice is deeply rooted in cultural factors that perpetuate the tradition. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the province where the prevalence of females married before the age of 18 is the highest, exceeding 18%, followed by Sindh, where the rate surpasses 14%. This report provides evidence-based analysis of how marrying at a young age affects the health and wellbeing of women and children in Pakistan, it uses statistical examination of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to show the relation between early marriages and poor health and development outcomes. The investigation extends its scope across various dimensions, including regional disparities, wealth deciles, and gender dynamics. Findings validate that child marriages negatively affect life satisfaction in women, and almost 90% of girls who marry before the age of 18 become mothers while still in their adolescence, being neither physically nor emotionally ready for the demands of motherhood, these young girls face a higher risk of adverse health consequences for themselves and their children, in Punjab, approximately 25% of child brides have experienced the death of a child, other provinces are also not immune to this grim reality. Furthermore, the PDHS 2017–2018 data shows that children of mothers who are married before 18 are more likely to have low birth weight, stunted growth, and experience wasting. The report also points to the link between early childhood development indicators and the incidence of early marriages. In Baluchistan 78% of the children (under five) were found to lagging behind in more than one dimension of development indicators while in KPK the number stands at 64%. There is a notable association between these developmental challenges and the higher incidence of early marriages in these provinces. In light of the findings, the report offers operational recommendations for policymakers to address and mitigate the negative consequences of early marriages, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and awareness programs.

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Child Marriage and Its Effect on Maternal and Child Health in Pakistan

  • Khadija Bari,
  • Fatima Sadik,
  • Neelma Faraz

摘要

In Pakistan, an alarming 18% of girls are married before reaching the age of 18, with the adverse effects being more pronounced in rural areas, households with lower incomes, and those with limited educational opportunities. This detrimental practice is deeply rooted in cultural factors that perpetuate the tradition. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the province where the prevalence of females married before the age of 18 is the highest, exceeding 18%, followed by Sindh, where the rate surpasses 14%. This report provides evidence-based analysis of how marrying at a young age affects the health and wellbeing of women and children in Pakistan, it uses statistical examination of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to show the relation between early marriages and poor health and development outcomes. The investigation extends its scope across various dimensions, including regional disparities, wealth deciles, and gender dynamics. Findings validate that child marriages negatively affect life satisfaction in women, and almost 90% of girls who marry before the age of 18 become mothers while still in their adolescence, being neither physically nor emotionally ready for the demands of motherhood, these young girls face a higher risk of adverse health consequences for themselves and their children, in Punjab, approximately 25% of child brides have experienced the death of a child, other provinces are also not immune to this grim reality. Furthermore, the PDHS 2017–2018 data shows that children of mothers who are married before 18 are more likely to have low birth weight, stunted growth, and experience wasting. The report also points to the link between early childhood development indicators and the incidence of early marriages. In Baluchistan 78% of the children (under five) were found to lagging behind in more than one dimension of development indicators while in KPK the number stands at 64%. There is a notable association between these developmental challenges and the higher incidence of early marriages in these provinces. In light of the findings, the report offers operational recommendations for policymakers to address and mitigate the negative consequences of early marriages, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and awareness programs.