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We discuss the increasing political polarization in the United States and its effects on critical thinking. Polarization is associated with cognitive biases that diminish the quality of thinking and decision-making. Social identity and affiliation tendencies are intertwined with these biases, fostering norms that discourage people from speaking up and considering differing viewpoints. By promoting critical thinking, we can empower individuals to rigorously evaluate information—not only when it challenges their beliefs but also when it supports them—and foster more meaningful interactions and collaborations with those who hold opposing views.

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Critical Thinking in the Age of Political Polarization: Navigating Cognitive Biases, Social Identity, and Affiliation

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Wendy M. Williams,
  • Randy T. Lee,
  • Cory J. Clark,
  • Wynne Williams-Ceci

摘要

We discuss the increasing political polarization in the United States and its effects on critical thinking. Polarization is associated with cognitive biases that diminish the quality of thinking and decision-making. Social identity and affiliation tendencies are intertwined with these biases, fostering norms that discourage people from speaking up and considering differing viewpoints. By promoting critical thinking, we can empower individuals to rigorously evaluate information—not only when it challenges their beliefs but also when it supports them—and foster more meaningful interactions and collaborations with those who hold opposing views.