Chickpea improvement programs need to be dynamic and efficient towards rapidly developing improved varieties needed for adaptation in the existing and evolving cropping systems. Information on genetic progress achieved over time from a breeding program is essential to develop effective breeding strategies by assessing the efficiency of past improvement works in genetic yield potential and suggesting on future selection directions to facilitate further improvement. Integrating breeding approaches utilizing conventional and genomic resources would lead to speedy, precise, and efficient chickpea breeding. The availability of a large number of molecular markers, dense genetic maps, and molecular markers associated with traits and transcriptomic resources has made it possible to integrate genomics technologies into chickpea improvement. Marker-associated selection for chickpea improvement is being followed for improving resistance to several biotic and abiotic stresses like drought tolerance and introgressing disease resistance against wilt and ascochyta blight. Pod borer continues to remain the most challenging insect-pest of chickpea due to non-availability of sources with high levels of resistance in germplasm; however with the advent of genome-wide selection, breeders will also have an opportunity to develop new varieties for complex traits. The integration of genomic technologies in chickpea breeding will greatly improve the efficiency of breeding programs in the development of better cultivars and reduce the time required for cultivar development. Genomic resources developed in the recent past have enabled trait dissection as well as trait improvement through modern molecular breeding approaches. This chapter describes the accomplishments and way forward in chickpea improvement deploying next generation breeding approaches.