This study reviewed randomized clinical trials that address psychoeducation in neuroscience for the treatment of substance use disorders. We sought to describe and compare neuroeducation models and propose intervention guidelines for neuroeducation, with literature sources, based on the common elements of the models found. For this purpose, bibliographical research was carried out in February 2024 on the PubMed, Embase and Clinical Trials database platforms. The search terms in English were used: psychoeducation, neuroeducation, neuroscience, neurobiology, addiction, substance use disorders/disorder. Among the studies found, five were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The reviewed programs demonstrate how neuroscience education can be used adaptively and contextually in the treatment of substance use disorders, from structured mindfulness exercises to cognitive rehabilitation programs designed for specific deficits caused by drug use. The didactic methods used in these studies were varied, including power point presentations, videos and film recordings about brain structure, basic brain function and the effects of drugs, as well as colorful cartoons, images and figures to portray cognitive deficits. Associated with drug use. Neuroeducation-based activities involve games to address neurocognitive deficits in substance abusers, group discussions and exercises about brain function, enrichment sessions to reinforce learning, and educational talks about substance abuse. Thus, in relation to the common characteristics described in the studies, the majority of education sessions on the functioning of the nervous system in substance use disorder and guidance on prevention stood out, in addition to some studies presenting practical skills.