This chapter explores the intersection of clinical neuropsychology and cognitive and behavioral therapies in the treatment of drug addiction. It begins with an overview of the cognitive model of addiction, which links an individual’s experiences, thoughts, and emotions to substance use. This model highlights how maladaptive beliefs, formed through life experiences, drive compensatory substance use behaviors. Beck’s framework categorizes these beliefs into anticipatory, relief-oriented, and permission-giving types, each influencing substance use in distinct ways. The chapter further discusses the integration of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Motivational Interviewing (MI) and the relapse prevention model. It examines advancements in cognitive therapies, such as Mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), which aim to enhance treatment outcomes for individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) by fostering psychological flexibility, acceptance, and behavioral change. Neurobiological and neuropsychological effects of substance use are reviewed, addressing the impacts of inhibiting, stimulant, and hallucinogenic substances. The chapter concludes by addressing how cognitive therapies interface with clinical neuropsychology to provide a comprehensive approach to treating drug addiction, emphasizing the importance of understanding both psychological processes and neurobiological mechanisms.