The study of drug use behavior (DU), based on neuropsychological assessment and neuroscientific knowledge, highlights elements such as the pattern of use and the age at onset, which are essential for the rehabilitation of the substance Use Disorder and the harmful effects arising from this behavior. When investigating this theme with adolescents in conflict with the law (ACL) deprived of liberty for committing serious crimes, we sought to characterize the DU and evaluate the EFs, given the need to identify and understand characteristics of this phenomenon for the creation of planned interventions, and aimed at this audience. Therefore, empirical data will be presented and discussed in this text resulting from the evaluation of drug use and EF with ACL deprived of liberty due to a severe infraction.