The chapter delves into innovative methods for the extraction and purification of essential oils from food waste biomass, highlighting a sustainable approach to valorizing agricultural and food industry byproducts. Food waste, a significant environmental and economic issue, offers untapped potential as a renewable resource for essential oils, which are valuable in pharmaceuticals, health care, cosmetics, and food industries. A comprehensive overview of various extraction techniques, including steam distillation, solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, emphasizing their efficiency, scalability, and environmental impact, is provided. The purification processes, crucial for achieving high-quality essential oils, are explored with a focus on distillation, chromatography, and membrane separation technologies. Advanced techniques such as green solvents and biocatalysis are discussed for their roles in enhancing the purity and yield of essential oils while minimizing ecological footprints. The optimization of extraction parameters and the incorporation of these processes into current waste management systems, promoting a circular economy, are also discussed. Case studies illustrate successful applicationsApplications and economic feasibility, reinforcing the practicality of these methods in industrial settings. By providing a comprehensive overview of current advancements and future prospects, this chapter aims to inspire further research and industrial adoption, contributing to sustainable development goals. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the regulatory, safety, and market aspects that influence the commercialization of essential oils derived from food waste, advocating for policy frameworks that support sustainable practices.