The potential for long-term synthesis of very valuable chemicals and materials has sparked a lot of interest in the valorisation process of lignocellulosic material and agricultural/food waste. Hemicellulose is a complex polymer found in biomass that has great potential for extractionExtraction and application in a range of industries. Because of its renewable nature and carbon neutrality, lignocellulosic biomass has garnered a lot of attention in recent years for energy production. There are several methods for converting lignocellulose to gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels, including thermochemical, chemical, and biological processes. This research chapter provides a comprehensive description of the techniques and strategies utilised to manufacture hemicellulose from multiple lignocellulosic sources, including biomass, agriculture, and food waste. Acid hydrolysis, alkaline extraction, steam explosion, microwave-assisted methods, enzyme procedures, etc., are all covered. Furthermore, the classification of hemicellulose-derived chemicals substances and current challenges along with strategies for lignocellulosic biomass valorisation are discussed. The consequences of extracting hemicellulose from biomass are also discussed, with a focus on sustainable and efficient practices. Overall, this study chapter provides insight into the intriguing possibilities of hemicellulose extractionExtraction from biomass including food and agricultural waste.