Gender plays a significant role when it comes to health and psychological burden and this chapter provides an overview of the research on gender differences in family members of individuals with an addiction. Nevertheless, studies that compare stress, strain and coping strategies between female and male addiction-affected family members are scarce. Most studies on the impact of addiction on family members are based on female samples and include predominantly wives and mothers of individuals with a substance use disorder or disordered gambling. Male participation rates are mostly very low, so gender comparisons are difficult. The few studies including male participants have shown that female family members are often more burdened by the addiction of a loved one in terms of psychological well-being, financial worries, disturbances in family life and victimization. This is especially the case when culturally determined gender role expectancies are present. Nevertheless, those gender role expectancies are valid for male family members as well, and it can be assumed that the burden on and stress for male family members might therefore be neglected and not be perceived sufficiently. Future studies should aim to reach more male participants and be aware of internalized gender stereotypes that might mask the true burden on male family members. Additionally, gender-sensitive counselling and treatment services should be developed, which also consider societal, cultural and traditional gender orientation.