Emerging contaminants (ECs) have become a significant concern globally in recent years due to potential risks posed by them to the environment and human health. Antibiotics, hormones, pharmaceuticals and personal care products are widely used for medical and other purposes, have led to rapid emergence of environmental pollutants. Most concerned ECs also involve the radioactive wastes released from the nuclear medicine hospitals and cancer hospitals. These contaminants are made for the betterment of life but they are of great concern now-a-days, since they are slowly absorbed by soils or released directly into water bodies. Consequently, drinking water sources become contaminated, health problems arise and water quality declines. The presence of such pollution in aquatic environments, especially in surface water, poses a serious concern. The study examines a number of associated concerns of ECs in aquatic environments, including strategies for EC removal. Despite their advantages and disadvantages, ECs treatment procedures encompass various techniques, including oxidation, physico-chemical, and biological processes. Despite the abundance of scientific research on many areas of monitoring and analyzing contaminants, mainly radioisotopes from medical wastes, it is believed that a comprehensive assessment of these studies is urgently needed. This chapter provides an overview of the case studies related with the discharge of the radioactive isotopes.