Increased environmental contamination leads to a continuously decline in environmental quality. Water pollution arises when detrimental substances, such as chemicals or microorganisms, infiltrate and taint bodies of water like streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, aquifers, leading to a decline in water quality and making it hazardous for both humans and the ecosystem. Water and wastewater treatment pose significant challenges due to the persistent presence of various contaminants, including pathogens, heavy metals and organic pollutants. Traditional treatment methods often fall short in effectively addressing these diverse contaminants, necessitating innovative approaches. Probiotic strategies have emerged as promising solutions, leveraging the inherent capabilities of beneficial microorganisms to combat contaminants and restore environmental balance. Furthermore, the integration of probiotics into existing treatment frameworks showcases their potential for sustainable and cost-effective remediation strategies. By harnessing natural microbial communities, probiotic-based approaches minimize reliance on synthetic chemicals and energy-intensive processes, thereby reducing environmental footprint and operational costs. This chapter highlights the multifaceted applications of probiotics in water and waste water treatment, focusing on their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and environmental implications. Continued research and technological advancements are crucial for unlocking the full potential of probiotics and integrating them into mainstream water management practices, thereby safeguarding water resources and public health in a rapidly changing world.