Opencast coal mines primarily contribute to the release of particulate matter which adversely affects air quality of the surrounding environment. In order to promote environmentally friendly mining practices, it is essential to establish dust emission control measures with proper simulation studies during the initial planning stage. This study outlines a comprehensive process for air quality monitoring, estimation of emission rates, and assessment of air quality with and without pollution control measures for an opencast coal mine in India. The measured baseline values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx around the mine ranged from 70.97 to 146.34, 44.18 to 93.27, 9.32 to 14.47, and 15.72 to 24.56 μg m−3, respectively. The levels detected were below the allowable thresholds of 100, 60, 80, and 80 μg m−3, correspondingly. Without the application of control measures, the projected average levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are assessed to range from 80.07 to 162.11 and 44.20 to 97.21 μg m−3, respectively. However, by employing mitigation measures during the mine’s operation, it is expected that amounts of PM10 and PM2.5 will be within the range of 79.65–154.32 and 44.19–95.26 μg m−3, respectively. Therefore, it is indispensable to implement suitable air quality protection measures to ensure environmentally sustainable mining practices. In this context, the author has developed various innovative dust control methods, including an intelligent dry fog system, a smart mist fog system, a sensor-based wireless water sprinkler, and a truck-mounted road dust collection and the briquetting system, all of which are elaborated upon in this chapter.