The chapter introduces the overarching aims of the book to investigate the legal implications of results-based agri-environmental and climate commitments under the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). It draws the contours of the historical evolution and contemporary understanding of ecosystem services, highlighting their increasing recognition within legal scholarship and public policy. The chapter discusses the research methodology and advocates for a coherent and integrated legal framework that supports the sustainable transition of farming and food systems, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches and continuous adaptation to evolving challenges.