The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in sustaining human life by ensuring food security, providing employment opportunities, and generating community income. With the continuous growth of the global population, there is an increasing demand for agricultural production. However, the expansion of agricultural activities results in the generation of significant amounts of waste in various forms. Improper management of agricultural waste poses serious environmental and health risks. Such waste can emit unpleasant odors, contaminate soil and water resources, contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and lead to the accumulation of toxic substances, which may cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. Consequently, the adoption of efficient waste treatment technologies is vital for promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Various waste treatment technologies have been developed by experts, including biological treatments involving microorganisms and macroorganisms, physical treatments such as thermal, mechanical, and sonic methods, and chemical treatments using acids, alkaline agents, and oxidation processes. These treatments, whether applied individually or in combination, enable the transformation of agricultural waste into valuable products with diverse applications. When applied accurately, such treatments can convert agricultural waste into eco-friendly products that enhance soil health and increase crop productivity. Additionally, the implementation of effective and efficient waste treatment can lower crop production and waste disposal costs while increasing farmers’ income. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sources of agricultural waste generated during crop production, the current status of waste management practices, and the potential waste treatment technologies that can be employed to develop sustainable waste management strategies in support of sustainable agriculture.