On the Global/Local Nexus and the Late Adopter/Early Adopter Interaction: The Tempo of Diffusion
摘要
This chapter presents the seventh temporality of policy transfer: the tempo, or the velocity, with which global ideas, “best practices,” or, in this case, particular school reform packages, spread worldwide. Research on the diffusion of innovation has much to offer in answering the following research questions: Why does the dissemination pick up speed once a critical mass of educational systems adopts a global reform? Does it matter which countries were early adopters? Does the global script change because of feedback from early adopters? Does vicarious policy learning occur in which late adopters learn from the mistakes of early adopters? Is there a contagion effect whereby even controversial reforms, such as SAWA, spread like wildfire regardless of their well-known adverse outcomes? The focus on the tempo of policy transfer compels us to pay close attention to the relationship between early and late adopters and local and global actors. Consequently, the preoccupation with the tempo of diffusion connects macroscopic analyses of global reform trends with meso-level investigations of how institutions have responded to, bought into, and translated them in ways that make sense in their local context.