The organization of the psychosocial services after the terrorist attacks is described: the Information-Support Centres, the Organization/Company model for the employees in the Ministries and the Community model for the victims of the island massacre. Many of the survivors had been exposed to all the five high-risk factors associated with complex disaster trauma. As predicted a high proportion developed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Prolonged Grief Disorder. Eight years after the island massacre, anxiety and depressive reactions were still significantly elevated. In the general population intense sadness were reported by 90%, half shedding tears. The terrorist’s goal of instilling a pervasive fear in the population to influence political decisions was not achieved. Confrontational grief support was offered to the bereaved, including visit to the site of death. The reluctance of the authorities to address anger towards the terrorist may have hindered the grieving process for survivors and the bereaved.

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Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of the July 22, 2011, Terrorist Attacks

  • Lars Weisæth

摘要

The organization of the psychosocial services after the terrorist attacks is described: the Information-Support Centres, the Organization/Company model for the employees in the Ministries and the Community model for the victims of the island massacre. Many of the survivors had been exposed to all the five high-risk factors associated with complex disaster trauma. As predicted a high proportion developed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Prolonged Grief Disorder. Eight years after the island massacre, anxiety and depressive reactions were still significantly elevated. In the general population intense sadness were reported by 90%, half shedding tears. The terrorist’s goal of instilling a pervasive fear in the population to influence political decisions was not achieved. Confrontational grief support was offered to the bereaved, including visit to the site of death. The reluctance of the authorities to address anger towards the terrorist may have hindered the grieving process for survivors and the bereaved.