In this introductory chapter we present the central motivations and rationales for this volume. We begin by identifying two radical anti-theory movements that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, one in philosophy of science and the other in ethics. Each of these movements was domain-specific—that is, each criticized the aspirations of philosophical theories within its own domain and advanced arguments aimed at philosophers within their own specific subfield. The guiding thought of this volume is that insights gleaned from the anti-theory movement in one domain can shed light on the other and that both can illuminate the limits of philosophical theorizing in general. This introduction also offers a brief overview of the essays collected in this volume and highlights ways in which they touch on its central themes.