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To gain insights into the field of employment regulation as a domain of social policy, we traced the development of patterns of labour regulation between the 1970s and 2013. Drawing on the debate around the standard employment relationship (SER), we consider a high degree of SER regulation in combination with no or weak restrictions or equalising regulations for non-SERs (NSER) to be an indication of legal exclusion, and thus a lack of social protection coverage. We use quantified indicators for labour law in 86 countries to identify patterns of regulation. To explain them, we draw on the characteristics of a country’s legal origin, its economic status and its membership in regional organisations. We see a general convergence trend towards more protective and inclusive employment law. But there are countries that have hardly changed and others that implemented several re-regulations over time. This provides evidence for both path-dependent and reflexive employment law development.

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The Evolution of Standard and Non-standard Employment Regulation Around the World: A Sequence Analysis of Regulation Trajectories over Four Decades

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  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Jean-Yves Gerlitz,
  • Irene Dingeldey

摘要

To gain insights into the field of employment regulation as a domain of social policy, we traced the development of patterns of labour regulation between the 1970s and 2013. Drawing on the debate around the standard employment relationship (SER), we consider a high degree of SER regulation in combination with no or weak restrictions or equalising regulations for non-SERs (NSER) to be an indication of legal exclusion, and thus a lack of social protection coverage. We use quantified indicators for labour law in 86 countries to identify patterns of regulation. To explain them, we draw on the characteristics of a country’s legal origin, its economic status and its membership in regional organisations. We see a general convergence trend towards more protective and inclusive employment law. But there are countries that have hardly changed and others that implemented several re-regulations over time. This provides evidence for both path-dependent and reflexive employment law development.