Ocean radiation is a complex phenomenon, and understanding it presents significant challenges. While complete control remains elusive, scientific efforts are crucial to mitigate its effects on both human and aquatic life. This chapter provides a comprehensive of current net radiation levels, as well as the availability of sampling data from seawater, biota, sediment, and suspended matter. It also highlights the challenges faced by the scientific community in detecting and studying radiation in the marine environment. For instance, in India alone, over 70,000 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for uranium concentration. However, as of October 2024, the global ocean has seen a total of only 355,877 samples collected, including seawater, biota, sediment, and suspended matter. This instance directly represents the challenges associated with ocean radioactivity sampling and measurements. This chapter illustrates these challenges, their causes, and also explores potential solutions and recommendations for future research.