Since the 1990s, we live in major changes, between sustainability and digitalization, between a finite world of substances and an infinite world of flux. Matter and energy are now major issues, at the articulation of a real, material space, to preserve but nevertheless transform to a virtual, exponential space. These new paradigms induce changes in our ways of living, showing that most of our models have expired, including those of architecture and project. To respond to those challenges, we need to think differently: substitute to our analytical thinking a complex systemic one; substitute to concepts of territory and landscape that of milieu; no longer think human as the center of everything, but as part of a whole. To operate this intellectual reversal, we develop a reproducible method of multiscale and dynamic cartographic inventory of local resources of the Mediterranean bioregion of South-East of France: materials bio- and geo-sourced, natural energies, and know-how. We move from considering and mapping the thickness of the local milieux (watershed, relief, vegetation cover, geology, and climate), and then we establish links and reliances between their resources and their architectural heritage, particularly vernacular architecture. This last is intended as a source of schemes, issued from local, preindustrial, frugal and, by this way, low impact models. We analyze its bioclimatic and constructive arrangements and systems, resulting from the transformation of local materials and natural energies by craft’s know-how; on the one hand, to let emerge transformative potential of matters and materials. On the other hand, starting from geo-localized open-access data, processed by GIS procedures, we map local materials’ deposits (actuals and potentials) and macroclimatic characteristics and potentials, such as solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed, risk of overheating and heating needs in winter, while considering their evolutions. Climate is seen as a resource: through the choice and mapping of pertinent indicators, specific to South of France Mediterranean context, it became itself a material of project. The consideration of future states allows to anticipate and opens to tomorrow’s architecture. In a systemic vision, architectural heritage and local resources become catalysts to develop sustainable project visions and scenarios. Our aim is to develop a critical framework, applicable in different contexts, academic, pedagogic, and professional, allowing the emergence of the design potential from local resources (matter, energy, know-how), in an open and creative approaches, to generate new contemporary architectural models, low carbon and sustainable for the milieux and its human and nonhuman inhabitants.