Following the same scheme as the book itself, this chapter provides a vision about the future developments for the railway sector. We have done our best to write this chapter on a neutral way, that is, not giving our opinion about a particular technology, but summarizing the most promising developments of the mid-term future of railways. Therefore, this chapter is not an insight into the future (which would have been not very formal and, more importantly, not very useful as a textbook), but a concise description of some research projects that have been developed in recent years (2013–2023) and will probably have an important role in the future of railways.