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Stroke is a public emergency and represents the second cause of mortality and the first cause of disability worldwide. It is included within the non-communicable diseases by the World Health Organization (WHO) and it is at least partially preventable acting on vascular risk factors and lifestyle. The standardized and agreed definition of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were proposed together with the main steps of diagnostic and management pathway focusing on imaging issues and etiological classifications: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), Causative Stroke System (CSS), ASCOD (A: atherosclerosis; S: small-vessel disease; C: cardiac pathology; O: other causes; D: dissection). The role of the stroke unit in the management of patients affected by stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and as therapy for stroke was summarized. Special situations, including spinal ischemia and central retinal artery occlusion, were also described.

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Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, and Minor Stroke

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Marialuisa Zedde,
  • Paolo Candelaresi,
  • Pietro Caliandro,
  • Anita Arsovska,
  • Svetlana Lorenzano,
  • Rosario Pascarella

摘要

Stroke is a public emergency and represents the second cause of mortality and the first cause of disability worldwide. It is included within the non-communicable diseases by the World Health Organization (WHO) and it is at least partially preventable acting on vascular risk factors and lifestyle. The standardized and agreed definition of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were proposed together with the main steps of diagnostic and management pathway focusing on imaging issues and etiological classifications: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), Causative Stroke System (CSS), ASCOD (A: atherosclerosis; S: small-vessel disease; C: cardiac pathology; O: other causes; D: dissection). The role of the stroke unit in the management of patients affected by stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and as therapy for stroke was summarized. Special situations, including spinal ischemia and central retinal artery occlusion, were also described.