The research explores the relationship between enhancing competitive advantages and technological leadership, focusing on energy efficiency as the key technological determinant. This is justified by the modern landscape in which companies operate within the digital environment, which demands significant energy resources and necessitates addressing the use of alternative energy sources. Achieving this balance is crucial for promoting responsible behavior in the economy. The research methodology is based on the conceptual analysis of technological leadership to identify the generation of advanced technology or a set of technologies to form and increase competitive advantages and profitability. The results obtained include identifying a technical architecture and a responsibility architecture within the business models of today’s companies aimed at achieving technological leadership alongside corporate social responsibility. This encompasses an ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) development trajectory and integrates energy efficiency with digital responsibility. It is established that a competitive strategy should be designed to solidify technological leadership, highlighting that technology is paramount for gaining competitive advantages. The author concludes that it is necessary to integrate technological advantages and energy efficiency in a competitive strategy (particularly digital and green technologies) to obtain competitive advantages and a reputational effect on the market and benefits for society. The research was carried out at the Market Economy Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.