The research aims to identify the need to form a model of University 4.0 in Russia, aimed at adapting the Russian education system to the challenges arising from the contemporary transformation of socio-economic relations. The authors employed a dialectical method and conducted an analysis of statistical and analytical materials, comparing them. As a result of the analysis, the authors drew conclusions regarding the importance of revising the main directions of transformation of the modern university to prevent possible risks. On the one hand, the integration of this model can contribute to preventing the problem of unequal access to quality education and lead to a more comprehensive development of the research and entrepreneurial potential of students. On the other hand, resorting to this concept raises the question for society about the necessity of preventing the desocialization of the educational process, mitigating the risk of losing the ability to think critically, and ensuring the possibility of an individual approach to each learner. Moreover, the implementation of the new model is also constrained by the unpreparedness of the Russian education system for such transformations. The key feature of this research is the analysis of the current situation of socio-economic development in Russia and the identification of the positive consequences of transitioning to the University 4.0 model and the risks associated with this transformation.