The Chobe District of northeastern Botswana is a semi-arid dryland supporting a diverse assemblage of wildlife and habitats of global conservation significance, including the largest elephant population in Africa. Among others, the district houses six forest reserves (FRs) representing approximately 4207 km2 (3.83% of the country’s total protected land). These FRs—including Kazuma Forest Reserve—provide many goods and ecosystem services that are essential for improving and maintaining human livelihoods in addition to performing many ecological functions. Results from field studies and consultations with the relevant stakeholders have indicated that the six FRs have declined in forest cover over the last 20 years. This development has been attributed to forest degradation caused mainly by the annual human-induced fires as well as the increasing numbers of elephants. A study was carried out to: (1) assess the species richness, diversity, and evenness; (2) determine the densities, frequencies, dominance, and importance value index; and (3) assess the population structure and regeneration status of woody species in Kazuma FR. This has resulted in changes in species composition, a decline in diversity, density, frequency, and basal area or dominance, and unstable population structures and impeded regeneration of the woody species. The results reinforce the argument that relevant authorities need to develop countermeasures in management to address the issue of deforestation and degradation of Kazuma FR and other forest reserves.