Biosphere reserves (BRs) aim to achieve biodiversity conservation, sustainable (social and economic) development, and logistical support in the form of education, research, and monitoring through complex spatial and governance arrangements in which Indigenous and local communities play an important role in their development. Landscape connectivity has been a challenge for the design of BRs, as for similar landscape-scale or regional conservation initiatives. Using Peru and Chile as examples, this paper presents conservation initiatives implemented in both countries to connect landscapes through protected areas and BRs. This is done through the concepts of Landscape Conservation (LC) mechanisms in Chile and Voluntary Conservation Initiatives (VCI) in Peru. LC expresses a shared, concerted, and consensual vision of the affected areas among the various local public and private actors, and represents a voluntary commitment. VCIs are completely voluntary, where individuals or legal entities express their willingness to protect an area of land, allowing them to become directly involved in the conservation of biodiversity by connecting large fragments of natural ecosystems. The key objective of both LC and VCI is to connect landscapes, a critical factor in landscape-scale conservation.