Oral diseases are now viewed as the consequence of a shift in the balanced relationship of the oral microbiome with the host, resulting in the increase of species and functions associated with disease. Traditional oral treatments aiming at resetting the dental plaque are often ineffective. This lack of success is partially due to the stability of the oral microbiome, which restores rapidly after treatment, and to the difficulties in effectively reaching and penetrating the dysbiotic dental plaque. Therefore, there is an increasing need for developing novel, more ecological, targeted approaches focusing on restoring the microbial equilibrium and curving the self-activation loops that drive dysbiosis. Among the different ecological strategies that are being explored and have been reviewed here are pre- and probiotics, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and quorum sensing inhibition. Special attention should be paid to those that seem to be already involved in maintaining the homeostasis of the healthy oral microbiome. These strategies have yielded promising results in vitro, but in vivo trials are mandatory before the potential of these novel ecological strategies targeting to maintain and restore the equilibrium of the oral microbiome can be confirmed.