In vitro biofilm models offer a valuable experimental platform for investigating oral biofilms, allowing for precise monitoring and manipulation of variables under controlled and reproducible conditions. Leveraging advanced microbial analysis tools such as 16S rRNA sequencing enhances these models’ ability to mimic oral ecological dynamics. To date, a diverse array of in vitro oral biofilm models has been developed, varying in hardware and microbial composition, tailored to address specific research inquiries. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of existing in vitro oral biofilm models, categorizing them based on their applications in studying dental caries and periodontal diseases, while also assessing their respective strengths and limitations. Essential considerations, including growth medium selection and inoculum choice, which are pivotal in model development, are also explored. In addition, the chapter discusses the future research directions aimed at enhancing clinical relevance and emphasizes the importance of integrating host factors. By mapping out the landscape of in vitro oral biofilm models, this chapter serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers navigating the complexity of oral biofilms, thereby facilitating the design of experiments with enhanced translational impact.