This final chapter draws together the results obtained in the book, with the aim of guiding the selection of a mathematical fairness criterion for a particular application. It first summarizes the structural properties of the socially optimal solutions obtained from the various fairness criteria, with an emphasis on how they balance equity and efficiency. Possible implications for applications are noted. It then reviews which criteria are regionally decomposable in a hierarchical distribution network. Following this is a summary of stakeholder incentives that result from using the fairness criteria, including an indication of when and whether they encourage competition or cooperation. All of these results are encapsulated in a series of tables, for easy comparison. The chapter concludes with an observation on the emerging research program of combining insights from the field of ethics on the one hand and mathematical optimization on the other.