Since ancient times, pests have been a problem for human beings, especially in agriculture, where their presence currently generates enormous economic losses. Using synthetic products to protect crops has been the preferred choice of farmers for years. However, the excessive use of these substances has generated problems of environmental contamination, damage to health, and even resistance in organisms to fight. Today, at an international level, enormous efforts are being made to replace these strategies with safer alternatives for health and the environment. The research, development, and application of biotechnological products for crop protection are strongly driven by international policies seeking a change to the use of more eco-friendly technologies where the use of microorganisms as a fundamental basis for their development is gaining more and more strength. The present work provides a brief but precise explanation of the negative impact associated with the excessive use of synthetic pesticides. Likewise, it offers detailed information on biopesticides and their classification, highlighting the use of microorganisms as a source for these products through the development of biotechnological processes. In addition, some of the mechanisms of action of biopesticides are described, and some commercial products are mentioned. Finally, a vision of the international panorama and future perspectives in developing and applying these eco-friendly technologies is presented.