One of the main problems with the environment is contamination with plastic endangers wildlife species and people in the food chain. Unlike traditional plastics made from petroleum, which are non-renewable and pollute the environment, bio plastics are made from renewable biomass sources. From an ecologically friendly and sustainable standpoint, bio plastic is an alternative to traditional plastics due to its biological compatibility and biodegradable properties. Using microorganisms to manufacture biodegradable plastics is a novel and sustainable process known as microbial manufacturing of bio plastics. In addition to lowering the release of greenhouse gases and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, microbial generation of bio plastics addresses the problem of plastic waste as well as pollution. It has been used in packaging, bio-engineering and biomedical fields. PHA and its nanocomposite copolymers have been applied to the development of tissue, bone scaffolds, implants for surgery and drug delivery for the repair of wounds and blood vessels. Despite the great market potential of PHAs, their high production costs prevent their prominent use; therefore, cheaper carbon sources, like industrial and agricultural bio-wastes, should be used to minimize the cost of producing PHAs. In addition, optimizing the conditions for development in hosts and using appropriate waste management techniques could result in an increase in the production of bio plastics.