The present study compares the risk management legislation for construction projects in Brazil and Portugal to promote safe and healthy working environments. The comparison was based on empirical research at construction sites in both countries and aims to highlight points that could be improved in one country based on similar practices and legislation that are present in the other. The Brazilian occupational safety and health (OSH) regulatory standards are divided into GENERAL, SPECIAL, and SECTORIAL, whose concepts may be applied in other countries, such as Portugal. The analyses presented compare Brazilian and Portuguese legislation in three aspects: (1) items contained in GENERAL standards based on the corresponding national legislation; (2) items contained in SPECIAL regulations, focusing on typical situations of noncompliance with which labour inspections have come across and that address the most critical issues in construction; and (3) items contained in SECTORIAL regulations, focusing on points that are described as physical quantities. The results intend to present alternative ways for the Brazilian and Portuguese OSH legislation and procedures to contribute to and address the challenges of labour and employment relations in a changing world.