Highway accidents are a global problem, incurring significant human and economic costs. This detailed examination dives into the various causes of such incidents, giving significant insights into the multiple elements that lead to their occurrence. By throwing light on the complexity underlying highway accidents, the study intends to improve our knowledge of these incidences, opening the way for informed policies and actions to lessen their impact on public safety and economic well-being globally. The review encompasses various elements, including driver behaviour, road infrastructure, vehicle design, and environmental conditions, while emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to understanding and addressing these issues. Key findings emphasize the significant involvement of human variables in accidents, such as distracted driving, speeding, and intoxicated driving. Furthermore, poor road design, insufficient signage, and badly maintained road surfaces have been recognized as key infrastructure-related concerns. Vehicle-related issues include technical flaws and design flaws. This critical review underscores the need for comprehensive policies and initiatives aimed at mitigating these causes, emphasizing the importance of education, engineering, and enforcement strategies. An integrated approach, that considers all these aspects, is crucial for reducing accidents on highways and enhancing road safety.