In unpacking SCSC 36 on the benefits of the vernacularVernacular in liturgy, this chapter notes from the outset that the vernacular is the language and idiom of one’s native land; it is not foreign or of learned derivation. Despite this, most of our experience of the English vernacular has derived from translating LatinLatin liturgical texts. The extent to which the Latin ‘start text’ determines the English ‘target text’ has varied considerably over sixty years. The way forward, however, is to treat translationTranslation and the preparation of new liturgical texts as a dimension of liturgical adaptation and inculturationInculturation. This will lead to greater diversity within the unity of the Roman Rite and presumes a stronger ecclesiology of the local Church.