This book explores the transformative evolution of the maritime and port industry, driven by technological innovation, environmental sustainability, and the global energy transition. As critical nodes in global trade, ports are embracing smart technologies—such as IoT, AI, and blockchain—to enhance operational efficiency and resilience. Simultaneously, increasing regulatory and societal pressures are compelling ports to adopt sustainable practices and reduce environmental impacts. The shift towards renewable energy, particularly hydrogen and alternative fuels, necessitates substantial changes in port infrastructure and logistics. Drawing on research presented at the WCTR 2023 Montréal Conference and the European Horizon Green Deal project PIONEERS, this book presents a multi-dimensional analysis across three core themes: technological advancements, sustainability initiatives, and energy transition strategies. By synthesizing cutting-edge studies, it offers a comprehensive framework for understanding how ports can navigate and lead in a rapidly changing global landscape.