Over time, the prevalence of cyber-attacks has increased significantly, leading to increased maritime safety risks substantial financial losses for companies and damage to their reputations. Traditionally, the maritime industry has been perceived as relatively secure due to inconsistent internet access and the physical isolation of ships. However, as this sector embraces digital technologies, it is increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats. Many cybersecurity concerns specific to maritime environments have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Consequently, this research offers an in-depth analysis aimed at addressing cyber threats to maritime transport, underscoring the critical security challenges involved. We explore the onboard systems that may be compromised by cybercriminals, examining potential weaknesses that could be exploited, the impacts of such breaches, and documented incidents. Additionally, the article outlines proactive measures that can be implemented to fend off these threats. We also delve into unresolved questions that warrant further research.