Liberibacter species including Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. L. americanus (CLam), Ca. L. africanus (CLaf), and Ca. L. solanacearum (CLso) is an important agricultural pathogen that causes extensive damage to various crops, notably citrus and solanaceous vegetables. Owing to their complex morphology, these rod-shaped, non-motile bacteria exhibit an intracellular lifestyle within the phloem of host plants. Their obligate parasitic nature and inability to be cultured in synthetic media makes their study and management challenging. Isolation and identification of these species rely heavily on molecular techniques, such as PCR, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP). The epidemiological aspects of Liberibacter species are influenced by their genetic diversity, transmission mechanisms, host interactions, and environmental conditions, with psyllids playing a crucial role in their spread. The economic impact of these pathogens is profound, particularly in citrus-producing regions such as Florida, Brazil, and parts of Asia, as well as in potato-growing areas in the United States and New Zealand. Control measures focused on vector management, breeding resistant plant varieties, cultural practices, severe quarantine measures, and molecular diagnostic techniques for early detection. The integration of these strategies, adapted to local conditions, is vital for managing Liberibacter infection and protecting crop health.