Primary healthcare (PHC) is essential for improving health outcomes and achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 3, which emphasizes universal health coverage and the importance of preventive care. PHC provides a broad range of services, including preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic care at the local level. This approach helps manage health issues early, reducing the need for costly and complex interventions and improving overall population health. Moreover, strengthening primary healthcare is vital in the sustainable development era for improving health outcomes and achieving sustainable health care system, which focuses on universal coverage and preventive care. Emphasizing prevention and community engagement will lead to a more equitable and efficient sustainable healthcare system. The new challenges like funding gaps, workforce shortages, and better sector coordination can enhance PHC effectiveness. Key steps include investing in infrastructure, modernizing training, management of the energy and waste policies, and fostering partnerships with various stakeholders. The main scientific question that this paper investigates is the current situation for the implementation of sustainable development policies in primary health care and proposes the best solutions for a holistic sustainable health system.