In this chapter we investigate different dimensions of diversity in the family business context, focusing in particular on how paternalistic leadership, leveraging on the distinctive features of clan control and socioemotional wealth preservation, can foster and perpetuate discrimination and exclusion. We specifically analyze how gender, age, and belonging—whether to the family unit or to the local societal context—can influence roles, conditions, and opportunities within family firms. Our claims are articulated and supported drawing on insights from the recent literature within the realm of family business research, combined with original empirical findings and field notes, derived from the Italian family business context.