Nanoscale materials, defined as materials with at least one dimension of less than 100 nm. NanomaterialsNanomaterials have unique physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties that make them an ideal candidate for potential applications in materials science, photovoltaics, catalysis, energy, sensing, biomedicine and nanodevices. As a result of extensive research in recent years, several nanomaterialsNanomaterials have been identified and developed, which have been classified in different ways. Based on their dimensions, they can be divided into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanomaterialsNanomaterials. They can also be classified as organic nanomaterialsNanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterialsNanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterialsNanomaterials and nanocompositesNanocomposite based on their composition. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the classification of nanomaterialsNanomaterials with examples. NanomaterialsNanomaterials can be synthesized either by top-down approachesTop-down approaches such as lithographyLithography and mechanical millingMechanical milling or by bottom-up approachesBottom-up approaches such as chemical vapor deposition or green synthesisGreen synthesis processes. Biological approaches, including plantPlant-mediated and microbial synthesis, have proven to be sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional physical and chemical methods. NanoparticlesNanoparticles (NPs) have unique properties compared to their solid counterparts. The chapter also deals with the physical, chemical, mechanical, optical and magnetic properties of nanomaterialsNanomaterials. Although nanomaterialsNanomaterials are used in various fields—medicine and healthcare, electronics and information technology, energy, textiles and consumer goods, environmental applications, automotive and aerospace, construction and infrastructure, materials science—this chapter discusses the application of nanotechnology in agricultureNanotechnology in agriculture and plantPlant sciences. Nano farmingNano farming is a modern agriculture practice in which nanomaterials are being used to minimize the negative effects of conventional agricultureAgriculture practices on the environment. NanomaterialsNanomaterials are used as pesticidesPesticide, fertilizersFertilizers, seed primingSeed priming agents, stress toleranceStress tolerance agents and in the developmentDevelopment of gene transfer platforms.

Nanoscale Materials and Their Properties

章节
发表日期：

2025年

查看全文

C. M. Rafeeq,
Resiya Karim,
P. P. Manzur Ali

摘要

Nanoscale materials, defined as materials with at least one dimension of less than 100 nm. NanomaterialsNanomaterials have unique physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties that make them an ideal candidate for potential applications in materials science, photovoltaics, catalysis, energy, sensing, biomedicine and nanodevices. As a result of extensive research in recent years, several nanomaterialsNanomaterials have been identified and developed, which have been classified in different ways. Based on their dimensions, they can be divided into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanomaterialsNanomaterials. They can also be classified as organic nanomaterialsNanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterialsNanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterialsNanomaterials and nanocompositesNanocomposite based on their composition. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the classification of nanomaterialsNanomaterials with examples. NanomaterialsNanomaterials can be synthesized either by top-down approachesTop-down approaches such as lithographyLithography and mechanical millingMechanical milling or by bottom-up approachesBottom-up approaches such as chemical vapor deposition or green synthesisGreen synthesis processes. Biological approaches, including plantPlant-mediated and microbial synthesis, have proven to be sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional physical and chemical methods. NanoparticlesNanoparticles (NPs) have unique properties compared to their solid counterparts. The chapter also deals with the physical, chemical, mechanical, optical and magnetic properties of nanomaterialsNanomaterials. Although nanomaterialsNanomaterials are used in various fields—medicine and healthcare, electronics and information technology, energy, textiles and consumer goods, environmental applications, automotive and aerospace, construction and infrastructure, materials science—this chapter discusses the application of nanotechnology in agricultureNanotechnology in agriculture and plantPlant sciences. Nano farmingNano farming is a modern agriculture practice in which nanomaterials are being used to minimize the negative effects of conventional agricultureAgriculture practices on the environment. NanomaterialsNanomaterials are used as pesticidesPesticide, fertilizersFertilizers, seed primingSeed priming agents, stress toleranceStress tolerance agents and in the developmentDevelopment of gene transfer platforms.