The growing population has led to an increased need for food, which calls on significant individuals as well as administrators in the agricultureAgriculture industry to take action immediately. Furthermore, the long-term sustainability of food production and agricultureAgriculture has been severely hindered by the effects of global warming as well as the physical and biological challenges that plantsPlant encounter. The use of chemicals not only had a detrimental effect on farming but also resulted in major health problems and adverse environmental repercussions. Because nanotechnologyNanotechnology uses less chemicals and solves issues that already exist, it will contribute significantly to the developmentDevelopment of sustainable agricultureSustainable agriculture sector. The review article brings out an overview of emergent nanotechnologyNanotechnology tools that use nanoparticles as carriers and in crop productionCrop production and plant growthPlant growth, including nano pesticidesNano pesticides, nano fertilizersNano fertilizers, microbial interaction, nano sensorsNano sensors, and nanobiotechnologyNanobiotechnology. The application of nanomaterialsNanomaterials with rhizosphere bacteria is essential for improving plantPlant health and soil fertilitySoil fertility. Good acid resistance, notable thermostability, outstanding recyclability, and improved storage stabilityStability are all provided by nanocompositesNanocomposite. NanotechnologyNanotechnology offers advantages such as the creation of precise nanoparticles for micronutrientMicronutrients delivery and decrease the level of both abiotic and biotic stressStresses. The introduction of modern nanoNano diagnostic devices and nanoNano biosensors, monitor plant diseasesPlant diseases, stressStresses, and soilSoil quality parameters which are vital to precision agriculturePrecision agriculture. In order to ensure that nanotechnology in agricultureNanotechnology in agriculture is widely adopted, a detailed examination of the challenges and future prospects facing the field is necessary.